G.+City-States



** Part 2 - Choosing Allegiance ** - Your city-state is faced with a dilemma. To which League should your city-state pledge its allegiance? Which league more clearly represents the political interests of your city-state?

** BACKGROUND INFORMATION: PLEASE READ PAGES 330 (Athens Rivals Sparta) TO THE BOTTOM OF 331 IN YOUR TEXTBOOK BEFORE PROCEEDING ** Below are four political issues for you to consider.

Read each handout/listen to each perspective and answer the first Critical Thinking Question at the bottom of each on notebook paper. You only answer the first question on each. You will be answering four questions total. Support each answer with two (2) details. You need to apply the information you know about life in a democracy or an oligarchy.

** A sample response to your Critical Thinking Question on Government might be: ** For the political issue of government, my city-state of _ should select _ League for the following two reasons: 1. 2.

** A sample response to your Critical Thinking Question of Quality of Life might be: ** After listening to the speeches of the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League, it would be wise for my city-state of (name of your city-state) to (remain with the Delian League)(remain with the Peloponnesian League)(switch leagues to the _ League) for the following two reasons: 1. 2.

Open each thumbnail on one of your machines to look at the corresponding images while you listen to the recording on the other machine. || Engraving of the Agora, or marketplace, in Athens. The Acropolis is in the background.
 * **Government**
 * **Government**

[|**CD Track**] || Engraving of the Agora, or market place, in Sparta.

[|**CD Track**] || || Engraving of an architect showing a blueprint to Pericles, as construction is busily underway in Athens.
 * ** Quality of Life **

[|**CD Track**] || Engraving of Spartans exercising in the dromos, or physical training court, in Sparta.

[|**CD Track**] || || Engraving of Athenian women at home washing clothes, caring for children, and embroidering fabric.
 * ** Treatment of **
 * Non-Citizens **

[|**CD Track**] || Painting of Spartan women mixing with men in public. The women in the foreground holds her baby while a man tries to determine whether it is healthy.

[|**CD Track**] || || Engraving of the Athenian harbor crowded with trade ships. Athens can be seen in the background.
 * ** Trade and Prosperity **

[|**CD Track**] || Engraving of Sparta situated in an agricultural valley.

[|**CD Track**] ||


 * Step 2 **: When you have finished reading and responding to each of the four issues, you must write a **__recommendation__**. From the information you gathered through answering the Critical Thinking Questions, determine which of the two leagues best meets the needs of your city-state and write a paragraph on which league you recommend your city-state join. Include four reasons for your choice. This should be one for each article topic.


 * Step 3: **You and the other students with your city-state will join to write a final group recommendation. You will select a moderator, poll your group on their individual recommendations, discuss the ideas each student presents to determine which League your city-state will join. Select a scribe. As a group, write a team recommendation with four supporting reasons for your choice. Your recommendation will be presented to the citizens of your city-state and your classmates.

During the mid-fifth century B.C.E., the rivalry between Athens and Sparta intensified. In an effort to curb the rise of Athenian influence, Sparta issued Athens an [|ultimatum]: Athens had to free all the cities under its control or face a war. Athens refused, and in the year 431 B.C.E., the war began.
 * Step 4: Conclusion - The Peloponnesian War **
 * Read the following passage: **On the notebook paper used above, take notes on the following passage.

The war between Athens and Sparta - called the Peloponnesian War - lasted for 27 years. The war was primarily fought between the large forces of the Spartan army and the powerful Athenian naval fleet. When the Spartan army invaded the Athenian countryside in the second year of the war, most of the Athenian population gathered inside the city's walls for protection. It was then that a terrible [|plague] struck Athens, spreading quickly through the overcrowded city. Before it was over, one of every four Athenians had died.

The war continued for 26 more years, with both sides winning and losing many battles and suffering many casualties. Finally, the Persians provided Sparta with funds to build a stronger fleet, and this helped the Spartans seal the Athenian's fate. The Persians hoped their assistance would prolong the war and result in the destruction of key Greek city-states. In 404 B.C.E., with much of its fleet destroyed and its population facing starvation, Athens surrendered. Victorious, Sparta forced the Athenians to tear down the walls that surrounded their city.

After the war, Sparta ruled all of Greece for a short time. Then, in the early 300s B.C.E., the city-state of [|Thebes] - aided by Persia - emerged as the leader of Greece. However, the other Greek city-states refused to accept Theban leadership, and fighting continued. By the mid 300s, the weakened Greek city-states were vulnerable to conquest from an emerging power to the north: the kingdom of Macedonia, led by King Philip II. In 338 B.C.E., Philip conquered Greece and created one kingdom.

Peloponnesian War